The role of petrochemicals
1. Petrochemical industry is the main supplier of energy
Petrochemical industry, mainly refers to the gasoline, kerosene, diesel, heavy oil and natural gas produced by petroleum refining, which are the main supply oil of the current main energy.
By. my country produced 80 million tons of fuel oil in 1995. At present, the world's oil and natural gas consumption accounts for about 60% of the total energy consumption; my country uses a large amount of coal, and oil consumption is less than 20%. The energy provided by petrochemicals is mainly used as fuel for automobiles, tractors, airplanes, ships, and boilers, and a small amount is used as civil fuel. Energy is a factor restricting the development of my country's national economy. Petrochemical industry consumes about 8.5% of the total energy. Energy consumption should be continuously reduced.
2. Petrochemical industry is one of the pillars of the materials industry
Metals, inorganic non-metal materials and polymer synthetic materials are called the three major materials. The current output of polymer synthetic materials provided by the petrochemical industry in the world is about 145 million tons. In 1996, my country had more than 8 million tons. In addition to synthetic materials, petrochemicals also provide most of the organic chemical raw materials. Within the scope of the chemical industry, in addition to chemical products provided by chemical minerals, petrochemicals produce raw materials in various departments.
3. Petrochemical industry has promoted the development of agriculture
Agriculture is the basic industry of our national economy. The nitrogen fertilizer provided by the petrochemical industry accounts for 80% of the total fertilizer. The promotion and use of agricultural plastic films, coupled with the rational use of pesticides and various fuels required by a large number of agricultural machinery have formed the main force of the petrochemical industry to support agriculture.
4. All industrial sectors are inseparable from petrochemical products
The development of modern transportation industry is closely related to fuel supply. It is no exaggeration to say that without fuel, there would be no modern transportation industry. Metal processing and all kinds of machinery require all kinds of lubricating materials and other supporting materials without exception, consuming a large amount of petrochemical products. The world's lubricating grease production is about 20 million tons, and our country is about 1.8 million tons. The building materials industry is a new field of petrochemical products, such as plastic materials, doors and windows, floor materials, and coatings are called chemical building materials. The light industry and textile industry are traditional users of petrochemical products. The development and promotion of new materials, new processes and new products are all in the presence of petrochemical products. At present, the fast-developing electronics industry and many high-tech industries have put forward new requirements for petrochemical products, especially fine chemical products produced with petrochemical products as raw materials, which is a huge boost to the development of the petrochemical industry.
The basic raw material of petroleum
There are four types of basic raw materials for petrochemical industry: alkynes (acetylene), olefins (ethylene, propylene, butene and butadiene), aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene) and synthesis gas. From these basic raw materials, various important organic chemical products and synthetic materials can be prepared.
The chemical industry using natural gas as a raw material is referred to as natural gas chemical industry. The main contents are: 1) natural gas to carbon black; 2) natural gas to extract helium; 3) natural gas to hydrogen; 4) natural gas to ammonia; 5) natural gas to methanol; 6) natural gas to acetylene; 7) natural gas to methyl chloride; 8) Natural gas to carbon tetrachloride; 9) Natural gas to nitromethane; 10) Natural gas to carbon disulfide; 11) Natural gas to ethylene; 12) Natural gas to sulfur, etc.
Basic Introduction to Petroleum
It is an important part of the chemical industry, plays an important role in the development of the national economy, and is one of the pillar industries in my country. Petrochemical industry refers to the processing industry that uses petroleum and natural gas as raw materials to produce petroleum products and petrochemical products. Petroleum products, also known as oil products, mainly include various fuels
Oil (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.) and lubricating oil, as well as liquefied petroleum gas, petroleum coke, paraffin, asphalt, etc. The process of producing these products is often referred to as petroleum refining, or oil refining for short. Petrochemical products are obtained by further chemical processing from the feedstock oil provided by the refining process. The first step in the production of petrochemical products is to crack raw oil and gas (such as propane, gasoline, diesel, etc.) to produce basic chemical raw materials represented by ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, and xylene. The second step is to produce a variety of organic chemical raw materials (about 200 kinds) and synthetic materials (plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubbers) with basic chemical raw materials. The production of these two-step products belongs to the scope of petrochemical industry. Organic chemical raw materials continue to be processed to produce more varieties of chemical products, which are not traditionally included in the scope of petrochemicals. In some materials, the synthesis of ammonia and urea using natural gas, light gasoline, and heavy oil as raw materials, and even the production of nitric acid are also included in the petrochemical industry.