Introduction to Petrochemical Industry
The petrochemical industry is abbreviated as petrochemical industry. The petrochemical industry is a basic industry that provides supporting and services for agriculture, energy, transportation, machinery, electronics, textiles, light industry, construction, building materials and other industries, agriculture and people's daily life. The petrochemical industry is an important part of the chemical industry. It plays an important role in the development of the national economy. It occupies a pivotal position in the national economy and is one of the pillar industries in my country.
Generally, the petroleum and petrochemical industry can be divided into: petroleum extraction industry, petroleum refining industry, petrochemical industry, chemical products and fertilizer industry, etc. The petrochemical industry is the main supplier of energy and one of the pillars of the materials industry. It has promoted the development of agriculture, and various industrial sectors are inseparable from petrochemical products.
The formation of oil
Oil is formed from the remains of tiny plants and animals (plankton) that died in the ancient oceans between 10 million and 600 million years ago. After these creatures die, they sink into the sand or mud on the seabed.
As the years passed, biological organisms rotted in the sediments. There is little or no oxygen in these formations, so the residues are broken down by microorganisms into carbon-rich compounds, which eventually form an organic layer. These organic materials mixed with sediments to form fine shale or source rock. As new sedimentary layers continue to deposit, tremendous pressure and heat are applied to the source rock. These heat and pressure make organic matter into crude oil and natural gas. Oil flows from the source rock and accumulates in limestone or sandstone (called oil storage rock) that is thicker and more porous. Crustal movement causes oil and natural gas to be trapped in the storage rocks between impermeable rock formations or cap rocks (such as granite or marble).
What are the oil industry chains
The petrochemical industry has a long production line, a wide range of products, and numerous products. From crude oil to chemical raw materials to countless chemical products, it has gone through numerous production and processing processes.
The petroleum industry is generally divided into three parts: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The upstream task is mainly to extract the underground oil, which is generally divided into three links: exploration, development, and production. The midstream task is mainly for the storage and transportation of oil, and the downstream task is the processing and sales of oil, including: oil refining, chemical industry , Three links of sales. The petrochemical industry has a very high degree of relevance, and the upstream and downstream industry chains are closely related, and they have a very distinct industry chain transfer effect. The petrochemical industry can usually be divided into: petroleum exploration and extraction industry, petroleum refining industry, petrochemical industry, chemical products, etc.